And noticed something interesting happening. The stoves which we installed roughly three months ago have made a significant change in their lifestyle. Yea they don’t have smoke and they use way less wood to cook but I knew that would happen. Something more is happening. Many of the women are taking actions to improve their own living situation. These are a few of the changes I noticed which were prompted by the new improved cook stoves:

Peruvians should take note. I only say this because tomorrow at 3:30 AM, I am getting on a chicken bus headed to Cajamarca to celebrate Holy Week. – Cajamarca holds a giant paint fight on Saturday, which should be pretty sweet! Getting there however isn’t going to be. The road is unpaved and zig zags through some pretty crazy mountain roads. A friend of mine took the trip around this time last year, the bus was stopped because it encountered a land slide, she climbed over it with all her luggage, on the other side there was a bus waiting, that took her to the next land slide. She repeated this three times.  Luckily it hasn’t been very rainy this year so fingers crossed no land slides. In total it’s 185 miles and should take roughly 13 hours.

So moral of the story, infrastructure investments although may not seem important are and can significantly improve the quality of ones’ life. 

First Impressions: When I arrived to the Chicago Airport, I bought a blueberry cream cheese bagel, and enormous Starbucks coffee, and sat and people watched while waiting for my next flight. Sounds terrible but, my first impression of Americans was that everyone was tall and beautiful. True right? I realized Americans really invest a lot in their appearance. Toilets in Perú are pretty disgusting, no toilet paper, rarely will you find a toilet seat, and most definitely no soap. The airport toilet had a plastic wrapper to reduce the transmission of diseases, I was blown away!

What I missed the most was eating delicious food cooked by my mom and sister and seeing old friends and family. The ability to get anything and everything you want almost instantly! Speaking in English all the time. The grocery store cereal isle! Everything was a complete sensory overload! It was also incredible to drive for the first time in 16 months! And listen to what I wanted to on the radio.

Wealth: Perú has really really poor people and wealthy people, not much in between. The rich Peruvians are really rich, but there are very few of them. The United States on the other hand, considering Peruvian standards everyone is really wealthy.

From the World Institute for Development Economics Research:

Assets of US$2,200 per adult placed a household in the top half of the world wealth distribution in the year 2000. To be among the richest 10% of adults in the world required US$61,000 in assets, and more than US$500,000 was needed to belong to the richest 1%, a group which — with 37 million members worldwide — is far from an exclusive club.

What’s more seeing the wealth my friends and family have and comparing it to the people I work with on a daily basis. Living here in Perú it doesn’t shock me but seeing this in the states blew me away. And the way Americans think they are struggling, ha it’s almost humorous. They’ve never seen struggle like the poor people here, but I guess everything is relative.

Greatness: So the above might have been a little negative and condescending . But the truth is that the United States is incredible. A friend of mine joked how the Peace Corps was really an organization to round up all the hippies who hate America and send them to a foreign country for two years make them suffer, hate life, and then bring them back to the states. And when they return they love America!  Well, he might be on to something because not that I hated America before but now I ABSOLUTELY LOVE AMERICA!!!! It’s incredible and don’t you ever forget it! The fact that you can get anything literally anything you ever want. It’s safe, if you have the drive you can make something for yourself.

People: One of the biggest things that I learned is that people don’t change. Some people I noticed were doing really well for themselves, others were on the same path as when I left the states. I am sure that people also realized that I hadn’t changed much either. I also realized that your relationships with people who are close are simply put on hold. And my true friends and I just picked up right where we left off. The close friends who I met up with reminded me of who I was before I left, and reminded me of what kind of life I had. I also realized how many incredible people I had in my life back in the states, and it made me feel really good that I was able to find people like that.

I also learned that everyone has problems, and everyone thinks that their problem is bigger than everyone else’s.  This is not true. I saw this personally, thinking to myself during my rough times down here, if only I could be in the states it would be easier. And I realized in talking to some of my friends they thought that it would be easier for them to be in Perú or traveling in some other part of the world. Well, the truth is that everyone’s got problems and the only difference is how people deal with them.

I guess, when you take yourself from a environment which is comfortable it makes you realize these differences in your life. You reinvent and changes come whether you like it or not.

10 months to go: The United States was a shock. And really comfortable at the same time. I’ll be honest, before leaving Peru to visit the states I was thinking of doing a third year in Perú with the Peace Corps. Upon returning to Perú after my visit home, I didn’t want to do my second year! I have found a middle ground between those two, and it was my friends, and work projects that I have created here that made me realize I can easily make it another year, and perhaps thrive?!?  Although the transition between the two was rough, I am really glad I went back to visit and hopefully in about 10 months I’ll be heading back to a developed country for good. It was a good opportunity to see some incredible people, reflect on where I want to go and what I want to do. And at the same time give me the energy to have another incredible year here in Chachapoyas!

Every Sunday evening I head to a nearby market here in Chachapoyas to eat these delicious Picarones (doughnuts).

Difficulties:

The road to get there is one of the worst I have ever seen in my life. It’s a zig-zaggy pothole filled dirt road that has not received attention in far too long, cliffs so steep and far down that if you went off you would not make it. Biking with an elevation change of more than a 1,000 feet makes for an excellent workout but tiresome after you’ve worked more than 30 days straight. When it rains, the road is nearly impassable, cars and trucks, sit stuck in the mud for days. And after a hard rainfall all I hear for a week is “muy feo está la caraterra, puro barro, muy feo muy feo.”  Translated; The road is fuckin’ ugly there’s a lot of mud, it’s super fuckin’ ugly. I hear this phrase repeated a thousand times, from grandmothers to little children and everyone in between so much it is on repeat in my mind….. over and over and over…..

Working with a municipality is also another challenge, they have been for the most part incredibly supportive but bureaucracy in Perú is really something. You think that you have everything arranged and then the entire plan is scrapped or post poned to the next day.

Backup plans:

If anything I have learned that when you reach a roadblock in the project when you have exhausted backup plan b,c,d,e and f,  you simply keep going. You do not stop for anything and you do not take no for an answer. No matter what happens, knowing that in order for the project to be completed the materials need to be delievered, the maestros taught, the cocinas completed and functioning correctly, you simply must keep going. Because in the end all that really matters is that the cocina is installed and the señoras will be breathing less smoke. If you don’t take this attitude you end up sitting in your room depressed and dwelling on the fact that it’s too difficult and that’s just the way things are crying like a little fucking baby. I could go on forever on the challenges I have a lot of stories on things that went well, and things that went bad. In the end you know know that the only real solution is to keep going.

Attitude:

With the countless challenges I will admit that at times I wasn’t the nicest person to be around. Other days, I would imagine a pleasure to work with. And through this I learned something about attitude;

Aesop’s Fable the Sun and the Wind:

The sun and the wind are in a competition to get the traveler’s coat off.  The wind blows fiercely but, to no avail the traveler simply grabs on tighter to his coat. The sun, shines down upon the traveler using his rays to warm the traveler, he simply takes off his coat. – The sun wins — And the moral is  kindness, gentleness and persuasion win, where force fails.

In working with my municipality, with my albaniles, the American Government, the señoras really anyone involved in the project this lesson came into play. I always needed something from them, their huge truck, their expertise, their money, their trust. The truth is that the days where I was the wind, I got nowhere. The days I was the sun, everything and everyone was in the palm of my hand.

Sales:

The project isn’t a difficult project technically speaking.  However, in terms of working with people I have never been more challenged in my life. Working with people who have a completely different background than your own, who have different beliefs and experiences and understanding of how things should be done proves to be a real challenge. A big shout out to my Dad and Grandpa Herb, because without them I wouldn’t be doing this project and it wouldn’t be as successful as it is. I can remember during my summers going and visiting job sites with them. My dad in particular. His way of conversing with the homeowner and making them feel confortable. It’s all about establishing trust and guiding them, especially when they didn’t have a clue as to what they wanted. That’s your job when implementing any project. I didn’t know it then but looking back, I learned some pretty incredible lessons from these two guys in how you work with people in a setting as intimate as their home. How you drive a project and how you sell someone an idea.

As of now 9 of the 24 cocinas are completed and functioning beautifully. And word is getting out that they work. Rural Peruvians are some gossipy mother fuckers.  Some of the toughest sells are now the señoras who are promoting the cocinas most. My albaniles have been telling me that several señoras have approached them interested in having them make them a cocina in their home which is really the objective of the entire project.   SUCCESS!!

Thursday – Day One

So after some pretty typical Peruian awards ceremonies we were ferried out to a deserted beach where we were given 8 logs and set free to start building our raft. We kinda knew this was going to happen so we brought things like chairs and wire to better equip our boat. At the same time I had a crazy tooth ache which I later found out wasn’t a cavity (yes I am brushing and flossing) but a crazy sinus infection and inflamed nerve making it painful to walk (the vibrations through my body were too much). Anyways…  we started building and by 9:00 p.m. we had finished our raft. I didn’t mention that it’s about 98 degrees with Wisconsin humidity. Add in Amazon mosquitos and other crazy assorted bugs that bite. I was hating life. I ran in college and quite frankly, it sounds sadistic but I enjoy physical pain. This was not physical pain, it was suffering, it was torture. (As you can tell in the photo I was not happy) That’s not a genuine smile!

Friday – Day Two – 36 miles (58 km)

We woke up at 6:00 A.M. packed up our stuff, ate breakfast, and made the final touches on the raft before crossing the starting line at around 8:30.
The first day of rowing was tough but within reason and all in all an enjoyable 7.5 hours of paddling. Saw some fresh water dolphins, and enjoyed my time out on the water. Rowing a poor substitute for sailing but none the less it was nice to be on the water again.  We made camp at one of the communities along side the river, drank a cold beer and ate some really good food. The photo below is from our camp site. (And the big boat is the support boat)

Saturday – Day Three – 41 miles (66 km)

For the second day, one of our team mated decided to sit out thus we needed a replacement so we asked a local Peruvian guy to row with us.  This guy happens to transport goods between villages by ROWING in other words he was crazy good at paddling. I walked down to the raft on Day Two to find our adopted Peruvian chopping the back of our raft off with a machete to “make our boat more water dynamic”. The interesting part of this is that the reason he was willing to paddle with us is because although his team “technically” won the first day, their raft actually sunk. I had a bad feeling that these two events his boat sinking the first day and his insistence to make our boat faster / lighter the second day had something in common….

Eventually we headed off and started paddling and had quite an awesome day! It was a pretty good time out on the raft and we were even lucky enough to catch a storm at the end making the end of the race a little more exciting. Big waves crashing over the bow, extremely windy, and pouring rain for a finish. We came to find that three Peace Corps volunteers regardless of their physical aptitudes and or shape have no right to think that they can try to row with a guy like our adopted Peruvian, well we did. I have done a decent amount of canoeing even got 5th place in the Paddle and Portage with my buddy Marc. Never in my live have I paddled this hard, and it showed because we did surprisingly well the second day.

*Note* the green stool I am sitting on in this photo. I was imagining a similar setup as to how you sit while in a Canoe. So I wanted to get elevated. Well it turns out this was the worst idea I have had in a really long time. By the second day I had formed yes, a raging Blister on my tailbone. But was un-willing to tell anyone else that it hurt. The second night was not very restful, by the third day I couldn’t sit or lay down on my butt. Making paddling and sitting on this green stool absolutely miserable. At one point it was so painful and I had learned my lesson, put aside my pride, and explained to my team mates that I had messed up with buying the stool. They laughed, came up with a name for it – the chode – and we continued paddling.

Sunday – Day Four – 41 miles (66km)

An hour into paddling the third day we realized that we completely over did ourselves on Day 2, so much that it was difficult to move the paddle. And we no longer had our adopted Peruvian. By now we have been rowing for two days.  Everything accumulated, we were exhausted, emotionally and physically.  The chode stool wasn’t helping. And as I suspected we would have problems when our Peruvian guy was chopping the back of our boat apart… well we did. Our boat was sinking, the guys in the back of the raft were sitting in water for the third day. This extra drag drastically decreased our speed. Tensions began to rise.

At one point I was asked not to go to the bathroom so much. Mind you it’s hot… 98+ sitting in the sun… I was drinking a lot of water. I’ll spare you details but I was asked to simply pee myself! Now in my mind that’s a little extreme. As we had no real chance in winning the prize money, as we were currently in 15 place of the 30 boats. The extra 2.5 minute break that one person could take to relieve himself wouldn’t really make that big of a difference in a 10 hour long race. So I continued to stand up and pee! I was careful however of the fish that swims up your pee stream. Thus, I used extra caution and devised several methods to eliminate the possibility of this occurring.  Which definitely didn’t help tensions on the boat.  (Notice the level in which sits our boat)

By 2:00 pm we still hadn’t made it to the finish line. The Amazon river at this point is enormous, a mile or more wide. It’s as smooth as a lake top. And the current is flowing as about as quick as a lake top. A huge storm blows in as we are in the middle of the river. So here we are in the middle of the Amazon river, with 8 logs tied together with wire and rope. The rain is coming down so hard that you can’t see the other team’s neon green/pink life jackets 25 feet away, absolutely white out conditions. Never in my life have I seen it rain like this.

So here we are, our boat is sinking, we have no idea where we are going, and we have no food. The rain was also really cold so we (skinny people) are shivering. At this point we were all wondering why we decided to pay money to participate in this race. Luckily we caught up with other people who were in the same situation. We have no idea where we are. We were informed by other teams who had talked to locals that we had missed the turn-off. So we’re just meandering through the amazon river and finally we find a left turn. We finally catch up to the support boat and after climbing aboard they tell us that, we missed the turn to the finish line, but not to worry because the blinding rain caused more than 8 teams to miss the turn off. We found out that we were headed to Brazil and had missed the turn off nearly 5km earlier. Tired and hungry we made it back to the finish line.

Peruvian Jungle Death Sickness

I was really happy to be done. But I was unfortunately feeling really sick… From experience I can tell when I have a Peruvian Jungle Death sickness coming on. So, I gather up my belongings and head to the hotel, I make it outside the front door to the hotel and begin to start dry heaving. Having been sick in Peru the past I estimate I have approximately 4 minutes to find a toilet. I demand a room and run upstairs only to spend the next 8 hours in the bathroom kneeling, sitting down. At one point I call a friend for medical advice. She recommends I buy a gravol to settle my stomach and Gatorade to maintain fluids in my body. I venture outside, buy my pills and Gatorade. On the way back to my hotel I get offered a hooker. This is probably the lowest point while in Perú. The last thing I want to do when I am healthy is sleep with a hooker.  The gravol helps, I crash and wake up to my alarm at 5:20 A.M. for my flight to Lima (I have a dentist appointment the next day). I arrive to the Iquitos airport happy to be alive. And not mugged while on the moto taxi. I then proceed to sit in the airport for 6 hours while I wait for a delayed plane.

Lima

Finally make it to Lima around 2:30 pm 8 hours later than I expected. Rush to my dentist appointment. Pay an outrageous cab fair.  Have my teeth inspected and was sent packing. He says he can’t do anything without medical approval from Washington. I think to myself, typical for government health services. I then head to the Peace Corps office. Meet with the doctors and my boss and eat my first decent meal in more than 48 hours.

The interesting thing about Lima is that it’s like the United States. I immediately realized that I was out of place, my clothes were dirty, and not in good shape. The movement and people made me feel like I was in a foreign country. So to fix this I did what Mr. Bush told us to do after September 11th… Go shopping! And did I!!!! Jockey Plaza is 3 to 4 times bigger than West Town, every store you can imagine they have it! I only had the intention to buy one thing, one thing turned into several. And before long I forgot completely for the first time in a year that I was in Peru. Don’t get me wrong I love my Peace Corps experience, but there’s something about being transported to the states with a simple little shopping trip. I walked out of Jockey Plaza and felt immediately better I also looked a lot better!

Chachapoyas

I hopped on a bus that afternoon and was in Chachapoyas 22 hours later. Chachapoyas did it’s typical welcome – pouring rain.  But it didn’t matter, I was so happy to be in my home. To eat at my restaurants, to see my friends, and locals. But most importantly to start working on my projects that I had put aside to take a vacation. I am realizing that being away from these projects was really a big part of why I didn’t enjoy the trip. I would rather be working in my town, talking with my “clients” and “señoras” than rafting down a river. I sound really old and boring, but it’s the truth.

The two projects that I am working on during the next month and a half are;

1. Improved Cook Stove Project – in one of the surrounding communities of Chachapoyas

2. Potable Water System – In Colcamar a larger town a hour from Chachapoyas. Where 1,800 people for the first time in their life will drink potable water from the faucet.

While in Iquitos I checked out the city and some of the foods that are not common where I live. Like BUGS!!  I honestly don’t have a clue as to what type of bug they were.  But I felt like Timon and Pumba in the Lion King!!

Here’s a little video…

We also checked out city. Here is a “floating market” which we learned after visiting it it only is a floating market during the rainy season. If you look at the house the water rose to this level last year. If you visit during the rainy season December to April you navigate the market (where I took the photo) in a boat.

The market had all kinds of interesting foods. Some legal, others not so legal…

Iquitos is more or less the “start” of the Amazon river. In the past the river flowed off into the distance of this photo. It now takes a different route. But the location of the river definitely had a influence on the formation of Iquitos.

On the walk back down the mountain side,

I noticed a new water system, so new, the paint looked fresh. This new system constructed by the Peruvian government, a program called agua para todos. What’s interesting is that this new system has been constructed directly above the existing old system and is an exact replica of the old system. I asked myself what’s wrong with the old system?

The photo below is the existing water system.  (With a lot of nasty alge and microorganisms growing)

Situation:

The Peruvian government had DIRESA a Governmental Health Organization, take water samples, and their samples identified the fact that their water is contaminated, by either fecal matter, or bacteria. Most likely based on the dirtiness of the slow filter it was highly contaminated some type of bacteria. Because it was highly contaminated the town received priority in receiving a new water system.

What is the greatest obstacle that Peruvians face in achieving potable water for their population?

• Lack of financing
• Lack of interest by mayors
• Lack of necessity
• Shortage of water
• Highly contaminated water sources

All of the above are secondary issues and they are true obstacles. But the real issue or problem with peruvian water systems is much much more basic, it comes down to the sustainable management of existing water systems. This community unfortunately, will continue to receive contaminated water within 3-6 months of using the new water system. Why? They have not changed anything in terms of the management and operation of the water system. The only change they have made is new infrastructure, new concrete, new rebar, and new paint on a system that if maintained correctly produces the exact same quality of water S./ 30,000 soles, or  $10,000 dollars of investment and nothing will improve. Bottom line is: This community doesn’t pay for their water, no-one manages the day to day operation of the system, and unless they make the decision to do so they will continue to receive poor water quality.

Failure to maintain existing water systems is the true problem.

In order to improve the water quality, the Peruvian government needs to invest in operations and maintenance of existing water systems. Rehabilitate the existing; make the necessary improvements in infrastructure to provide a suitable quality of water and in the future when funds permit and the operations and maintenance organizations are fully functional they can invest in new systems. Until then they will continue to receive the same quality of water due to the fact that they have no-one in charge of cleaning, fixing, and maintaining the water systems.

1. Start your stove

2. Place your toasting pan on stove

3. Add in kilo of “green” coffee

3. Begin “toasting”

4. Slowly the coffee will toast. (30 minutes for coffee to reach the final point. Coffee is ready when it has oils on the beans, and is dark dark brown almost black.

5. Grind

6. Enjoy! -

You’ll notice the charcoal blackness on the walls, this is what is left over from how the Señora previously cooked. As far as projects go Cocinas Mejoradas (Improved Cookstoves) have an enormous impact on the health of these women. A traditional stove emits a lot of smoke, experts say that with a traditional cook stove in their homes, the Señoras breathe in a lot of smoke the equivalent of smoking 20 packs of cigaretts a day. When you visit these homes your eyes tear up and your lungs burn from the smoke inside. I can’t stand being in the kitchen for more than 5 minutes much less living in this environment for years.A Cocina Mejorada is a simple way to eliminate the nasty effects of cooking with open fire such as; cataracts, skin diseases, lung problems, and back issues. It also makes the environment much more enjoyable.

The actual construction process is interesting because we are using all locally available materials, not that our goal is to be super eco efficient but more that you can build a stove that drastically improves  The “Bricks” are made of dirt and the mortar is mud. So although it’s not a technically difficult construction project, getting materials and coordinating all that comes with a cocinas mejoradas project is difficult. – Get ready to hear all about it in the next few months. -

Also if you’re interested my project proposal and the design plans for the cocina are below:

Project Proposal: Cocinas Mejoradas Christopher Sweeney Annexos de Chachapoyas (Word Document)

Design Plans: Expediente CM Iinkawasi TAWA (.pdf)

* Notice the shiny bronze coin on the concrete top. I couldn’t find any cat eyes so instead I put a Peruvian coin with the year 2012 for Grandpa Herb thinking that that would be his second choice when working with concrete.*

Myself, Hilton the Alcalde (Mayor) of Colcamar, Paola (Biologist) and Omero (the water engineer for Chachapoyas) left Chachapoyas at 5:45 am, and traveled to Colcamar. We walked the entire water system from where the water is captured??? (my English sucks now), through the treatment system, and finally to the faucet inside the consumer’s home. I have pages of notes on what should be fixed in order to give the population potable water.

After lunch, we sat down with the Alcalde to discuss our findings. I want to explain a little about the water culture in developing countries. I will leave another post to explain the specific problems we encountered with the system and what needs to be done for more technically interested readers. This post is more about why the people in Colcamar and some 1.5 billion people do not have one of the most basic human needs met . It’s surprising how these locations can’t seem to get it together, while other developed countries have been producing potable water since the 1800s.

First off, it’s sad to say but it’s rare that an Alcalde has as much interest in water as Hilton does. When I asked him why he was one of the 45 Alcaldes in the providence who have prioritized water, this is what he told me, paraphrased and translated to English of course. Hilton’s words:  ”The reason why other Alcaldes haven’t prioritized water is because their constituents don’t believe drinking water is important, they would rather see a new park, or a road put in, or money spent on extravagant festivals.”  It is the same thought process when I see individuals with Dish T.V. and yet they live in a home with a dirt floor and can’t put food on the table for their family. Or communities who build a new stadium regardless of the fact that their children are malnourished. Another example you all can perhaps relate to is some of the poorer groups in the states and their obsession with fancy cars with $2,000 rims, they do it because it’s a status symbol. It has nothing to do with making the right decision. In other words Hilton knows that his efforts in obtaining drinking water for his town won’t win him more votes when the next election comes up but he knows how important it is for their lives and the health and success of his town. Actions of a humble man.

I believe that the battle to fix the problem of potable drinking water has two fronts. The first is water culture, how people think or don’t think about their water. And the second, removing their ability to choose weather or not they should treat their water.

One: Water Culture

Two years ago I traveled to Perú and other South American countries for 7 months, upon returning and living back in the states, I was in absolute shock when I could simply turn the faucet on and drink from it. I remember standing at my kitchen faucet in the dark at 11:00 pm with a glass of pure drinking water I was in complete awe. I did not have to drink bottled water or boil my water… what a thought.

This past weekend I had a conversation with a fellow from India, I asked him about the water situation in India. He explained that each building has a big tank above their roof. They pump untreated river water into the tank and then everyone in the building splits the cost to supply the water to each individual home. And in each home the family boils their water they need for the day on their stove. I was in dismay. This individual is studying in the U.S. to be a brain surgeon, a bright individual. He remarked that it was not really a big deal to boil your water, and found it excessive (American culture) to have potable drinking water to your tap when you could just put water on the stove and boil it for a few minutes. I stated the numerous benefits of having potable drinking water to your faucet, health, social, and economic, the list goes on. Still he was not convinced. After more than an hour of discussion and no progress, I decided to give it a rest.

The next morning I ran into him while having breakfast and he remarked on how he thought about and agreed with me on the importance of potable water to your faucet. Sometimes you need a night to sleep on a concept. I tell you this not to brag about my win for the good guys on the potable drinking water fight, but because this conversation was with an extremely educated individual. Education was not the issue, it was his culture, it was expectations and it was habits that were ingrained into his customs and thoughts about water. I have the same battle with a Peruvian who doesn’t have more than a 5^th grade education (not all Peruvians, just some in the communities I work in) as I do with an individual from India studying to be a brain surgeon. Same battle different people.

So, although my water team and me may have had a small victory in obtaining the financing and the go ahead for the repairs on this water system and we have the support of our mayor. The community members may or may not appreciate nor support us on the surface, they may have preferred that we spend the $30,000 on a Las Vegas water arts style fountain for the plaza. That’d be pretty sweet eh? Which brings me to point #2 in the drinking water battle. Sure they will appreciate our efforts when they spend less time on the pot shitting their brains till then we have to remove their ability to choose weather or not to boil their water.

Two: Removing the ability to choose

I guarantee that you do not think about weather or not the water from your faucet is safe to drink. Luckily for you someone else already made the choice, they made it mandatory that your water be treated.

Go to the shampoo isle in Wal-Mart. There are hundreds of different types of shampoos. Studies have shown consumers do not purchase products from brands with more than 10 varieties, brands with 100 or more, forget it the consumer simply hits decision paralysis. It’s to say if you have to make 1,000 decisions throughout the day you will make more decisions wrong than if you only have to make 10 decisions. We get worn out by making decisions.  You can put more effort into the 10 and make them correctly. Same goes for drinking water. If you constantly have to make the decision to boil your water everyday it will eventually wear on you and more times than not you will decided to just drink the contaminated water.

By implementing a chlorinated drinking water system in a town, myself and the government (a higher authority) have made the decision for the entire town. They will all have drinking water; they no longer make the choice of weather or not to treat their water. I believe that I, and the Peruvian Government have a higher authority and I know more than these individuals do thus it gives us the right to make the choice for them. To mandate they drink clean water. You have to decide if you think it is ethical to remove the ability to choose weather or not individuals should boil their water. I personally don’t have qualms about making this decision for them.

This is what I aim to provide for the individuals in Colcamar. By removing the choice to treat or not treat their water they will have, the ability to focus on more advanced and complicated issues within their lives. Then, by teaching them the importance of clean water hopefully the system will gain enough support through the community to ensure it’s sustainability.

Hasta Pronto!